Interim Report Contents

Contents

An Interim Report from the Study Group on Health Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemica

I. Introduction

I.pdf

II. Examining endocrine disruptors

1. Actions of hormones on the human body II-1.pdf
   1. What is "endocrine"?
      1. Thyroid gland
      2. Parathyroid
      3. Adrenal gland
      4. Ovary
      5. Testicle
      6. Pituitary gland
      7. Hypothalamus
      8. Others
   2. Differentiation and formation of gonads
   3. Chemistry of hormones
   4. Regulation of blood hormone concentration
   5. Binding of hormone with hormone receptors
   6. Manifestation of hormonal actions
      Summary
2. Action mechanisms of endocrine disruptors II-2.pdf
   1. Definition
   2. Action mechanisms
3. Physiochemical characteristics II-3.pdf
4. Exposure pathways II-4.pdf
5. Effects on humans II-5.pdf
   
   1. Effects on the female reproductive system and mammary glands
      1. Uterine cancer
      2. Endometriosis
      3. Breast cancer
      4. Others
   2. Effects on the male reproductive system
      1. Decline in sperm count
         1. Background of problems with sperm counts
         2. Reports concluding that sperm counts are declining
         3. Reports concluding that sperm concentrations are not declining but rather rising
         4. Reports from Japan e.Problems regarding human sperm studies
         5. Problems regarding human sperm studies
      2. Prostate cancer
      3. Testicular cancer
      4. Hypospadias
      5. Effects on other male reproductive organs
   3. Effects on the thyroid system
   4. Others
      1. Effects on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland
      2. Effects on wildlife
   5. Evaluation of health effects on humans

III. Strategy for resolving problems of endocrine disruptors

1. Current approaches III-1.pdf
   1. Main approach in Japan Figp.42.pdf
   2. Recent approaches in the world
      1. The United States
      2. European nations and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
      3. The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)
2. Basic policies III-2.pdf
   1. Concept of chemical safety
   2. Development of an information management and distribution system, based on a database
   3. Encouragement of international cooperation
   4. Promotion of comprehensive research
3. Measures to protect human health III-3.pdf
   1. Research on chemicals suspected to be endocrine disruptors
      1. Gathering information
      2. Investigating exposure pathways
      3. Studying metabolism
      4. Studying multiple-generation reproduction
      5. Conducting risk assessments
   2. Other methods of checking chemicals
      1. High throughput pre-screening (HTPS)
      2. Priority setting
      3. Testing
         1. Screening
         2. Detailed tests
      4. Risk assessments
      5. Considerations
   3. Other research
      1. Exposure
         1. Development of elution tests and/or material tests for foods, food packages/containers, and toys
         2. Investigation of exposure from foods, food packages/containers, and toys
      2. Toxicity studies
         1. Studies on inpidual chemicals
         2. Combined effects of multiple endocrine disruptors
         3. Phytoestrogens
      3. Epidemiological studies
   4. Development of implementation systems for research
      1. Structuring of a new framework
      2. Training and securing researchers
      3. Procurement of instruments for research
      4. Efficient performance of research
   5. Development of an information management and distribution system, based on a database
   6. Encouragement of international cooperation
      1. The International Programme on Chemical Safety/the World Health Organization (IPCS/WHO)
      2. The Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
      3. The United States
      4. Schedule for research III-4.pdf Tabp.62.pdf

IV. Conclusion IV.pdf

Appendix. Evaluation of inpidual chemicals and future research

1. Polycarbonate Appendix-1.pdf
   1. Elution of bisphenol A
   2. Safety of bisphenol A
   3. Conclusion
   4. Future research
2. Polystyrene Appendix-2.pdf
   1. Elution of styrene monomer, dimmer, trimmer
   2. Safety of styrene monomer, dimmer, trimmer
   3. Conclusion
   4. Future research
3. Polyvinyl chloride Appendix-3.pdf
   1. Elution of phthalate
   2. Safety of phthalate
   3. Conclusion
   4. Future research
4. Conclusion Appendix-4.pdfTab1-3.pdf

References Reference.pdf