The Japan Food Chemical Research Foundation
List of Existing Food Additives
Last update�F2011/05/09

List of Existing Food Additives

This list of food additives from natural origin is complied and published by the Ministry of Health and Welfare on April 16, 1996.

These additives are listed here in alphabetic order. The number preceding the name of each additive is the sequence number given to the corresponding additive in the original Japanese list.

Effective from May 6, 2011

No.	Name	Note
236	Absinth extract	A substance composed mainly of sesquiterpenes obtained from the whole absinth grass.
10	a-Acetolactate decarboxylase	-
146	Acid clay	-
147	Acid phosphatase	-
3	Actinidine	-
56	Activated acid clay	-
55	Active carbon	A substance obtained by carbonizing and activating carbon-containing substances.
5	Acylase	-
11	5'-Adenylic acid	-
2	Agarase	-
4	Agrobacterium succinoglycan	A substance composed mainly of succinoglycan obtained from the cultured solution of bacteria belonging to Agrobacteriurn.
17	L-Alanine	-
23	Alginate lyase	-
22	Alginic acid	-
24	Aluminium	-
196	Amino acid-sugar reaction product	A substance obtained by heating the mixture of amino acids and monosaccharides.
14	Aminopeptidase	-
15	alpha-Amylase	-
16	beta-Amylase	-
12	Annatto extract	A substance composed mainly of norbixin and bixin obtained from the seed coats of annatto.
25	Anthocyanase	-
19	Arabino galactan	-
20	L-Arabinose	-
21	L-Arginine	-
145	Artemisia sphaerocephala seed gum	A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the seed coats of SABAKU-YOMOGI (Artemisia sphaerocephala KRASCH).
6	Ascorbate oxidase	-
7	L-Asparagine	-
8	L-Aspartic acid	-
9	Aspergillus terreus glycoprotein	A substance composed mainly of glycoprotein obtained from the cultured solution of mould belonging to Aspergillus terreus.
1	Aureobasidium cultured solution	A substance composed mainly of beta-1, 3-1, 6-glucan obtained from the cultured solution of yeast belonging to Aureobasidium.
230	Bacillus natto gum	A substance composed mainly of polyglutamic acid obtained from the cultured solution of bacteria belonging to Bacillus natto.
320	Bees wax	A substance composed mainly of myricyl palmitate obtained from honeycomb.
253	Beet red	A substance composed mainly of betanin and isobetanin obtained from beet roots.
303	Bentonite	-
290	Betaine	-
135	Bone carbon black	A substance composed mainly of carbon obtained by carbonizing bones.
134	Bone charcoal	A substance composed mainly of carbon powder and calcium phosphate obtained from bovine bones.
270	Brazilian licorice extract	A substance composed mainly of peliandorin obtained from Brazilian licorice roots.
277	Bromelain	-
184	Buckwheat ash extract	A substance obtained by extraction from the ashes of buckwheat stems or leaves.
266	Butane	-
50	Cacao colour	A substance composed mainly of polymers of anthocyanins obtained from cacao beans.
60	Caffeine (extract)	A substance composed mainly of caffeine obtained from coffee beans or tea leaves.
163	Calcinated calcium	A substance composed mainly of calcium compounds obtained by calcinating sea urchinshells, shells, coral, whey, bones or eggshells.
77	Candelilla wax	A substance composed mainly of hentriacontane obtained from candelilla stems.
144	Cane wax	A substance composed mainly of myricyl palmitate obtained from cane stems.
216	Capsicum water-soluble extract	A substance composed mainly of water-soluble substances obtained by extraction from capsicum fruits.
65	Caramel I (plain)	A substance obtained by heat-treating food-grade carbohydrates including starch hydrolysates, molasses or saccharides, excluding "Caramel II", "Caramel III" and "Caramel IV".
66	Caramel II (caustic sulfite process)	A substance obtained by adding sulfite compounds to, and heat-treating, food-grade carbohydrates including starch-hydrolysates, molasses or saccharides, excluding "Caramel IV".
67	Caramel III (ammonia process)	A substance obtained by adding ammonium compounds to, and heat-treating, food-grade carbohydrates including starch-hydrolysates, molasses or saccharides, excluding "Caramel IV".
68	Caramel IV (sulfite ammonia process)	A substance obtained by adding sulfite compounds and ammonium compounds to, and heat-treating, food-grade carbohydrates including starch-hydrolysates, molasses or saccharides.
71	Carboxypeptidase	-
70	Carnauba wax	A substance composed mainly of ceryl hydroxycerotate obtained from the leaves of carnauba trees.
73	Carob bean gum	A substance obtained by grinding, or dissolving and precipitating the seed albumens of locust beans.
72	Carob germ colour	A substance obtained by grinding the seed germs of locust beans.
61	Carrageenan	A substance composed mainly of i-carrageenan, k-carrageenan and l-carrageenan obtained from the whole algae of IBARA-NORI (Hypneaceae hypnea), KIRINSAI (Solieriacea eucheuma), GINNAN-SOU (Gingartinaceae iridaea), SUGI-NORI (Gingartinaceae gigartina), or TSUNOMATA (Gingartinaceae chondrus).
238	Carrot carotene	A substance composed mainly of carotene obtained from carrot roots.
293	Carthamus red	A substance composed mainly of carthamin obtained from safflower flowers.
294	Carthamus yellow	A substance composed mainly of safflor yellow obtained from safflower flowers.
53	Cassia gum	A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained by grinding the seeds of EBISU-GUSA-MODOKI (Cassia tora LINN.).
54	Catalase	-
58	Catechin	-
181	Cellulase	-
332	Charcoal	A substance obtained by carbonizing bamboo or wood.
199	Chicle	A substance composed mainly of amyrin acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of sapodilla trees.
203	Chilte	A substance composed mainly of amyrine acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of chilte trees (Chidoscolus elasticus LUNDELL).
337	Chinese bayberry extract	A substance obtained by extraction from the fruits, bark, or leaves of Chinese bayberry.
82	Chitin	-
81	Chitinase	-
84	Chitosan	-
83	Chitosanase	-
117	Chlorophyll	-
116	Chlorophylline	-
217	Cholesterol	A substance composed mainly of cholesterol obtained from fish oil or "lanolin".
115	Clove extract	A substance composed mainly of eugenol obtained from the buds, leaves or flowers of clove.
133	Cochineal extract	A substance composed mainly of carminic acid obtained from cochineal insects.
232	Coffee bean extract	A substance composed mainly of chlorogenic acid and polyphenols obtained from coffee beans.
214	Copper	-
101	Cristobalite	-
183	Crude magnesium chloride (sea water)	A substance composed mainly of magnesium chloride obtained by separating potassium chloride and sodium chloride from sea water.
182	Crude potassium chloride (sea water)	A substance composed mainly of potassium chloride obtained by separating sodium chloride from sea water.
59	Curdlan	A substance composed mainly of b-1,3-glucans obtained from the cultured solution of bacteria belonging to Agrobacterium or Alcaligenes.
150	Cyanocobalamin	-
155	Cyclodextrin	-
156	Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase	-
157	L-Cystine	-
160	5'-Cytidylic acid	-
207	5'-Deaminase	-
208	Depolymerized natural rubber	A substance composed mainly of polyisoprenes obtained by decomposing the secretion of para rubber trees.
211	Dextran	-
210	Dextranase	-
119	Diatomaceous earth	-
213	Dunaliella carotene	A substance composed mainly of b-carotene obtained from the whole alga of dunaliella.
40	Elemi resin	A substance composed mainly of b-amyrin obtained from the secretion of elemi trees.

129	Enzymatically decomposed apple extract	A substance composed mainly of catechins and chlorogenic acid obtained by enzymatically decomposing apple fruits
130	Enzymatically decomposed lecithin	A substance composed mainly of phosphatidic acid and lysolecithin obtained from vegetable "lecithin" or "yolk lecithin".
141	Enzymatically decomposed rice bran	A substance composed mainly of phytic acid and peptides obtained from dewaxed rice bran.
354	Enzymatically decomposed rutin	A substance composed mainly of isoquercitrin obtained from "rutin (extract)".
92	Enzymatically hydrolyzed guar gum	A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained by grinding and hydrolyzing guar seeds.
128	Enzymatically hydrolyzed licorice extract	A substacne composed mainly of glycyrrhetinic acid-3-glucuronide obtained by enzymatically hydrolyzing a "licorice extract".
125	Enzymatically modified hesperidin	A substance obtained by adding glucose to "hesperidin" using cyclodextrin glucosyl transferase.
123	Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin	A substance composed mainly of alpha-glucosylquercetin obtained from "enzymatically decomposed rutin".
127	Enzymatically modified lecithin	A substance composed mainly of phosphatidylglycerol obtained from "vegetable lecithin" or "yolk lecithin".
124	Enzymatically modified naringin	A substance composed mainly of a-glucosyinaringin obtained from "naringin".
126	Enzymatically modified rutin (extract)	A substance composed mainly of a-glucosylrutin obtained from "rutin (extract)".
174	Essential oil-removed fennel extract	A substance composed mainly of glucosyl sinapiralcohol obtained from fennel seeds.
39	Esterase	-
38	Exomaltotetraohydrolase	-
263	Ferritin	-
264	Ferulic acid	-
259	Ficin	-
87	Fish scale foil	A substance obtained by extraction from the epithelium of fish.
279	Fractionated lecithin	A substance composed mainly of sphingomyelin, phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl choline obtained from "vegetable lecithin" or "yolk lecithin".
271	Fructosyl transferase	-
265	Fukuronori extract	A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from FUKURO-NORI (Gloiopeltis furcata POSTEL et RUPR).
257	Furcellaran	A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the whole algae of furcellaria (Furcellaria fastigiata HUD).
62	a-Galactosidase	-
63	b-Galactosidase (Lactase)	-
306	Gallic acid	-
96	Gardenia blue	A substance obtanined by adding b-glucosidase to the mixture of iridoid glycosides obtained from gardenia fruits and protein-decomposed substances.
97	Gardenia red	A substance obtained by adding b-glucosidase to the mixture of ester-hydrolysates of iridoid glycosides obtained from gardenia fruits and protein-decomposed substances.
98	Gardenia yellow	A substance composed mainly of crocin and crocetin obtained from gardenia fruits.
153	Gellan gum	A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the cultured solution of bacteria belonging to Pseudomonas elodea.
120	Gentian root extract	A substance composed mainly of amarogentin and gentiopicroside obtained from gentian roots or rhizomes (Gentiana lutea LINNE).
162	Ginger extract	A substance composed mainly of shogaol and zingerol obtained from ginger rhizomes.
102	Glucanase	-
103	Glucoamylase	-
104	Glucosamine	-
109	Glucose isomerase	-
110	Glucose oxidase	-
105	a-Glucosidase	-
106	b-Glucosidase	-
107	a-Glucosyltransferase	-
108	a-Glucosyltransferase-treated stevia	A substance composed mainly of a-glucosylsteviosides obtained from a "stevia extract".
111	Glutaminase	-
112	L-Glutamine	-
89	Gold	-
52	Granite porphyry	-
269	Grape seed extract	A substance composed mainly of proanthocyanidins obtained from the seeds of American grapes or grapes
267	Grape skin colour	A substance composed mainly of anthocyanins obtained from the pericarps of American grapes or grapes.
268	Grape skin-derived substance	A substance composed mainly of polyphenols obtained from the pericarps of American grapes or grapes.
113	Grapefruit seed extract	A substance composed mainly of fatty acids and flavonoids obtained from grapefruit seeds.
93	Guaiac resin (Guajac resin)	A substance composed mainly of guaiaconic acid, guaiaretic acid, and b-resin obtained from the trunks/branches of guaiacum trees.
94	Guajac resin (extract)	A substance composed mainly of a- and b-guaiaconic acids obtained from the secretion of guaiacum trees.
91	Guar gum	A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from guar seeds, excluding "Enzymatically hydrolyzed guar gum".
18	Gum Arabic	A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the secretion of acacia trees.
57	Gum ghatti	A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the secretion of ghatti trees (Anogeissus latifolia WALL.).
99	Gutta hang kang	A substance composed mainly of amyrin acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of gutta hang kang trees (Palaquium leiocarpum BOERL.).
100	Gutta percha	A substance composed mainly of polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of gutta percha trees (Palaquiurn gutta BURCK.).
299	Haematococcus algae colour	A substance composed mainly of astaxanthin obtained from the whole alga of haematococcus (Haematococcus C.A.AGARCH).
287	Hego-ginkgo leaf extract	A substance obtained by extraction from the leaves of HEGO (Cyathea fauriei COPEL) and ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba LINNE).
302	Helium	-
301	Heme iron	-
300	Hemicellulase	-
297	Heptane	-
289	Hesperidin	-
288	Hesperidinase	-
283	Hexane	-
121	Higher fatty acid	A substance obtained by hydrolyzing animal or vegetable fats/oils or their hardened fats/oils.
252	L- Histidine
175	Horseradish extract	A substance composed mainly of isothiocyanates obtained from horseradish roots.
249	Hyaluronic acid	-
168	Hydrogen	-
254	L-Hydroxyproline	-
32	Inositol	-
31	Inulinase	-
33	Invertase	-
212	Iron	-
27	Iso-a-bitter acid	A substance composed mainly of isohumulones obtained from hop flowers.
26	Isoamylase	-
28	Isomaltodextranase	-
29	Itaconic acid	-
161	Jamaica quassia extract	A substance composed mainly of quassin and neoquassin obtained from the trunks/branches or bark of Jamaica quassia trees.
333	Japan wax	A substance composed mainly of glycerol palmitate obtained from the fruits of Japanese wax trees (Rhus succedanea LINNE).
51	Japanese persimmon colour	A substance composed mainly of flavonoids obtained from Japanese persimmon fruits.
154	Jelutong	A substance composed mainly of amyrin acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of jelutong trees.
307	Jojoba wax	A substance composed mainly of icosenyl icosenate obtained from jojoba fruits.
132	Kaoliang colour	A substance composed mainly of apigeninidin and luteolinidin obtained from kaoliang seeds.
49	Kaolin	-
69	Karaya gum	A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the secretion of KARAYA trees (Sterculia urens ROXB.) or silk cotton trees (Cochlospermum gossypium A.P.DeCandolle).
114	Kooroo colour [Matsudai colour]	A substance obtained by extraction from the roots of SOMEMONO-IMO (Dioscorea matsudai HAYATA).
342	Lac colour	A substance composed mainly of laccaic acids obtained from the secretion of lac scale insects (Laccifer lacca KERR).
341	Lactoferrin concentrates	A substance composed mainly of lactoferrin obtained from mammals' milk.
340	Lactoperoxidase	-
343	Lanolin	A substance composed mainly of esters of higher alcohols and a-hydroxylic acids obtained from waxy substances bearing the surface of sheep wool.
358	Leche de vaca	A substance composed mainly of esters of amyrin obtained from the secretion of leche de vaca trees (Brosimum utile (H.B.K.) PITT.).
361	L-Leucine	-
359	Levan	A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the cultured solution of bacteria belonging to Bacillus subtilis.
75	Licorice extract	A substance composed mainly of glycyrrhizic acid obtained from the roots or rhizomes of Chinese licorice, Xinjiang licorice or licorice.
76	Licorice oli extract	A substance composed mainly of flavonoids obtained from the roots or rhizomes of Chinese licorice, Xinjiang licorice or licorice.
13	Linseed gum	A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from linseeds.
353	Linter cellulose	A substance composed mainly of cellulose obtained from cotton single pilus.
349	Lipase	-
350	Lipoxygenase	-
352	Liquid paraffin	-
362	Logwood colour	A substance composed mainly of haematoxylin obtained from the heart wood of logwood.
347	L-Lysine	-
348	Lysozyme	-

311	Macrophomopsis gum	A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the cultured solution of microorganism belonging to Macrophomopsis.
316	Maltose phosphorylase	-
317	Maltotriohydrolase	-
357	Mannentake extract	A substance obtained by extraction from the mycelium or fruit body of MANNENTAKE (Ganoderma lucidum KARST.) or its cultured solution.
315	Marigold colour	A substance composed mainly of xanthophylls obtained from marigold flowers.
314	Massaranduba balata	A substance composed mainly of amyrin acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of massaranduba balata trees.
313	Massaranduba chocolate	A substance composed mainly of amyrin acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of massaranduba chocolate trees.
312	Mastic gum	A substance composed mainly of masticadienonic acid obtained from the secretion of mastic trees.
328	Melaleuca oil	A substance composed mainly of essential oil obtained from melaleuca leaves.
326	Menaquinone (extract)	A substance composed mainly of menaquinone-4 obtained from the cultured solution of bacteria belonging to Arthrobacter.
327	Mevalonic acid	-
310	Microcrystallin wax	-
250	Microcrystalline cellulose	A substance composed mainly of crystalline cellulose obtained from pulp.
251	Microfibrillated cellulose	A substance composed mainly of cellulose obtained by microfibrillating pulp or cotton.
167	Milt protein	A substance composed mainly of basic proteins obtained from fish testes.
319	Mixed tocopherols	A substance composed mainly of d-a-, d-b-, d-g- and d-d-tocopherols obtained from vegetable oils.
292	Monascus colour	A substance composed mainly of ankaflavin and monascolubrin obtained from the cultured solution of mould belonging to Monascus.
291	Monascus yellow	A substance composed mainly of xanthomonacins obtained from the cultured solution of mould belonging to Monascus.
329	Mousouchiku dry distillate	A substance obtained by dry distillation from the stems of MOUSOU-CHIKU bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla MITF.).
330	Mousouchiku extract	A substance composed mainly of 2,6-dimethoxy-l,4-bezoquinone obtained from the stem skins of MOUSOU-CHIKU bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla MITF).
325	Muramidase	-
64	Mustard extract	A substance composed mainly of allyl isothiocyanate obtained from Indian mustard seeds.
321	Myrrh	A substance obtained by extraction from the secretion of myrrh trees.
234	Naringin	-
233	Naringinase	-
237	Nickel	-
235	Niger gutta	A substance composed mainly of amyrin acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of niger gutta trees (Ficus platyphylla DELILE.).
200	Nitrogen	-
318	Non-calcinated calcium	A substance composed mainly of calcium salts obtained by drying shells, pearl layers, coral, bones or eggshells.
44	Oligogalacturonic acid	-
190	Onion colour	A substance composed mainly of quercetin obtained from onion bulbs.
47	Orange colour	A substance composed mainly of carotene and xanthophylls obtained from the fruits or peels of AMA-DAIDAI (Citrus sinensis OSBECK).
46	Oregano extract	A substance composed mainly of carvacrol and thymol obtained from oregano leaves.
45	g-Oryzanol	A substance composed mainly of both esters consisting of each combination of sterols and ferulic acid, and triterpene alcohols and ferulic acid obtained from rice bran or germ oil.
148	Oxygen	-
42	Ozokerite	-
43	Ozone	-
246	Palladium	-
244	Palm oil carotene	A substance composed mainly of carotene obtained from oil palm fruits.
248	Pancreatin	-
243	Papain	-
215	Paprika colour	A substance composed mainly of capsanthins obtained from capsicum fruits.
247	Paraffin wax	-
336	Peach gum	A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the secretion of peach trees.
282	Pecan nut colour	A substance composed mainly of flavonoids obtained from the pericarps or astringent skins of pecan nuts.
285	Pectin	-
286	Pectin digests	A substance composed mainly of galacturonic acid obtained from "pectin".
284	Pectinase	-
296	Pepsin	-
298	Peptidase	-
158	Perilla extract	A substance composed mainly of terpenoids obtained from perilla seeds or leaves.
245	Perlite	-
241	Peroxidase	-
231	Petroleum naphtha	-
258	Phaffia colour	A substance composed mainly of astaxanthins obtained from the cultured solution of yeast belonging to Phaffia.
86	Phellodendron bark extract	A substance composed mainly of berberine obtained from the bark of phellodendron trees (Phellodendron amurense RUPR.).
304	Phosphodiesterase	-
305	Phospholipase	-
260	Phytase	-
261	Phytic acid	A substance composed mainly of inositol hexaphosphate obtained from rice bran or corn seeds.
262	Phytin (extract)	A substance ccomposed mainly of magnesium inositol hexaphosphate obtained from rice bran or corn seeds.
242	Platinum	-
309	e-Polylysine	-
308	Polyphenol oxidase	-
195	Powdered bile	A substance composed mainly of cholic acid and desoxycholic acid obtained from bile.
280	Powdered cellulose	A substance composed mainly of cellulose obtained by decomposing pulp, excluding "Microcrystalline cellulose".
281	Powdered rice hulls	A substance composed mainly of cellulose obtained from rice hulls.
170	Powdered stevia	A substance composed mainly of steviol glycosides obtained by grinding stevia leaves.
278	L-Proline	-
275	Propane	-
276	Propoils extract	A substance composed mainly of flavonoids obtained from honeycomb.
274	Protease	-
143	Psyllium seed gum	A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the seed coats of blond psyllium.
273	Pullulan	-
272	Pullulanase	-
323	Purple corn colour	A substance composed mainly of cyanidine-3-glucoside obtained from corn seeds.
322	Purple sweet potato colour	A substance composed mainly of cyanidine acylglucosides and peonidin acylglucosides obtained from the tuberous roots of sweet potatos.
324	Purple yam colour	A substance composed mainly of cyanidine acylglucosides obtained from yam tuberous roots.
95	Quercetin	-
173	Quicklime	-
88	Quillaia extract (Quillaja extract)	A substance composed mainly of saponins obtained from the bark of quillaia trees.
339	Rakanka extract	A substance composed mainly of mogulosides obtained from rakanka fruits (Momordica grosvenori SWINGLE).
85	Redbark cinchona extract	A substance composed mainly of quinidine, quinine and cinchonine obtained from the bark of redbark cinchona trees.
360	Rennet	-
139	Resin of depolymerized natural rubber	A substance composed mainly of diterpenes, triterpenes and tetraterpenes obtained from "rubber".
345	L-Rhamnose	-
344	Rhamsan gum	A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the cultured solution of bacteria belonging to Alcaligenes.
351	D-Ribose	-
140	Rice bran oil extract	A substance composed mainly of ferulic acid obtained from rice bran oil.
142	Rice bran wax	A substance composed mainly of myricyl lignocerate obtained from rice bran oil.
30	Rice straw ash extract	A substance obtained from the ashes of rice stems or leaves.
239	Roasted rice bran extract	A substance composed mainly of maltol obtained from roasted rice bran.
240	Roasted soybean extract	A substance composed mainly of maltol obtained from roasted soybean seeds.
365	Rosemary extract	A substance composed mainly of carnosic acid, carnosol and rosemanol obtained from rosemary leaves or flowers.
363	Rosidinha	A substance composed mainly of amyrin acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of rosidinha trees (Sideroxylon).
364	Rosin	A substance composed mainly of abietic acid obtained from the secretion of pine trees.
138	Rubber	A substance composed mainly of polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of Pararubber trees, excluding "Depolymerized natural rubber".
74	Rumput roman extract	A substance composed mainly of capillin obtained from the whole grass of rumput roman.
356	Ruthenium	-
355	Rutin (extract)	A substance composed mainly of rutin obtained from the whole grass of AZUKI (Azukia angularis OHWl), the buds or flowers of Japanese pagoda trees or the whole buckwheat grass.
178	Sage extract	A substance composed mainly of carnosic acid and phenolic diterpenes obtained from salvia leaves.
159	Sandalwood red	A substance composed mainly of santalin obtained from the trunks/branches of red sandalwood trees.
48	Seaweed ash extract	A substance composed mainly of potassium iodide obtained from the ashes of brown algae.
179	Sepiolite	-
180	L-Serine	-
136	Sesame seed oil unsaponified matter	A substance composed mainly of sesamolin obtained from sesame seeds.
137	Sesami straw ash extarct	A substance obtained by extraction from the ashes of sesami stems or leaves.
149	Shea nut colour	A substance obtained from the fruits or seed coats of shea.
151	Shellac	A substance composed mainly of esters of aleuritic acid and shellolic acid or jalaric acid, obtained from the secretion of scale insects.
152	Shellac wax	A substance composed mainly of wax obtained from the secretion of scale insects.
90	Silver	-
118	Smoke flavourings	A substance obtained by capturing the gas generated by burning sugar canes, bamboo, corn stalks or wood, or a substance obtained by dry distillation from such materials.
41	Sodium chloride-decreased brine (saline lake)	A substance composed mainly of salts of alkaline metals or alkaline earth metals obtained by separating sodium chloride from saline lake water.
185	Sorva	A substance composed mainly of amyrin acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of sorva trees.
186	Sorvinha	A substance composed mainly of amyrin acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of sorvinha trees (Couma utilis MUELL.).
187	Soybean saponin	A substance composed mainly of saponins obtained from soybeans.
172	Sphingolipid	A substance composed mainly of sphingosine derivatives obtained from bovine brains or rice bran.
122	Spice extracts	Substances obtained by extraction or steam-distillation from hemp seeds, asafetida, ajowan, anise, angelica, fennel, turmeric, allspice, oregano, orange peel, Chinese pepper, cassia, chamomil, mustard, cardamon, curry leaves, licorice, caraway, gardenia, cumin,cress, clove, poppy seeds, caper, pepper, sesameseeds, coriander, sassafras, saffron, savory, salvia, Japanese pepper, perilla, cinnamon, shallot, juniperberry, ginger, star anise, spearmint, horseradish,celery, sorrel, thyme, onion, tamarind, tarragon, chive, chervil, dill, capsicum, nutmeg, wormwood, nigella, carrot, garlic, basil, parsley, mint, vanilla, paprika, hyssop, fenugreek, peppermint, horsemint, marjoram, MYOGA (Zingiber Mioga ROSC.), lavender, linden, lemongrass, lemonbalm, rose, rosemary, laurel or WASABI (Japanese horseradish), excluding "Turmeric oleoresin", "Oregano extract", "Orange colour", "Mustard extract", "Licorice extract", "Licorice oil extract", "Gardenia yellow", "Clove extract", "Sesame seed oil unsaponified matter", "Perilia extract", "Ginger extract", "Essential oil-removed fennel extract", "Horseradish extract", "Sage extract", "Onion colour", "Tamarind colour", "Tamarind seed gum", "Tannin (extract)", "Paprika colour", "Capsicum water-soluble extract", "Absinth extract", "Carrot carotene", and "Rosemary extract".
171	Spirulina colour	A substance composed mainly of phycocyanin obtained from the whole alga of spirulina.
169	Stevia extract	A substance composed mainly of steviol glycosides obtained by extraction from stevia leaves.
255	Sunflower seed extract	A substance composed mainly of isochlorogenic acid and chlorogenic acid obtained from sunflower seeds.
194	Talc	-
191	Tamarind colour	A substance composed mainly of fiavonoids obtained from tamarind seeds.
192	Tamarind seed gum	A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained tamarind seeds.
197	Tannase	-
198	Tannin (extract)	A substance composed mainly of tannin and tannic acid obtained from Japanese persimmon fruits, Japanese gall, angelica powder, nutgall or silver wattle bark.
193	Tara gum	A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the seeds of tara trees (Caesalpinia spinosa (MOL.)(O.KUNTZE)).
189	Taurine (extract)	A substance composed mainly of taurine obtained from the viscera or meat of fish or mammals.
201	Tea dry distillate	A substance obtained by dry distillation from tea leaves.
202	Tea extract	A substance composed mainly of catechins obtained from tea leaves.
188	Thaumatin	A substance composed mainly of thaumatin obtained from the seeds of Thaumatococcus daniellii.
209	Theobromine	-
206	Thujaplicin (extract)	A substance composed mainly of thujaplicins obtained from the trunks/branches or roots of HIBA trees (Thujopsis dolabrate SIEB. et ZUCC.).
334	Timber ash	A substance obtained by ashing bamboo or wood.
335	Timber ash extract	A substance obtained by extraction from "timber ashes".
219	d-a-Tocopherol	-
220	d-g-Tocopherol	-
221	d-d-Tocopherol	-
218	Tocotrienol	-
222	Tomato colour	A substance composed mainly of lycopene obtained from tomato fruits.
229	Tororoaoi	A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the roots of TORORO-AOI (Abelmoschus manihot MED.).
223	Tragacanth gum	A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the secretion of tragacanth trees.
224	Transglucosidase	-
225	Transglutaminase	-
227	Trehalose	-
228	Trehalose phosphorylase	-
226	Trypsin	-
205	Tunu	A substance composed mainly of amyrine acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of tunu trees (Castilla fallax COOK).
35	Turmeric oleoresin [Curcumin]	A substance composed mainly of curcumin obtained from turmeric rhizomes.
204	L-Tyrosine	-
37	Urease	-
36	Urushi wax	A substance composed mainly of glycerol palmitate obtained from the fruits of Japanese lacquer trees (Rhus verniciflua STOKES).
165	Vegetable carbon black	A substace composed mainly of carbon obtained by carbonizing plants.
166	Vegetable lecithin	A substance composed mainly of lecithin obtained from rape seeds or soybeans.
164	Vegetable sterol	A substance composed mainly of phytosterols obtained from oil seeds.
295	Venezuelan chicle	A substacne composed mainly of amyrin acetate and polyisoprenes obtained from the secretion of Venezuelan chicle trees.
256	Vermiculite	-
34	Welan gum	A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the cultured solution of bacteria belonging to Alcaligenes.
331	Wood chip	A substance obtained by grinding the trunk/branches of Siberian filbert or BUNA (Fagus crenata BLUME).
78	Xanthan gum	A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the cultured solution of bacteria belonging to Xanthomonas.
79	Xylanase	-
80	D-Xylose	-
131	Yeast cell wal	A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the cell walls of yeast belonging to Saccharomyces.
346	Yolk lecithin	A substance composed mainly of lecithin obtained from egg yolk.
338	Yucca foam extract	A substance composed mainly of saponins obtained from the whole grass of yucca joshua (Yucca arborescenss TREL.) or yucca schidigera (Yucca schidigera ROEZL ex ORLGIES).
176	Zein	A substance composed mainly of vegetable proteins obtained from corn seeds.
177	Zeolite	-

Note: The additives listed in No.1 to No.365 do not include substances obtained by causing chemical reactions, excluding decomposition to elements or compounds using chemical means.